What is Hydrocele?

The front and side of the testicle are surrounded by a double-layered membrane called the tunica vaginalis, which is a continuation of the abdominal membrane (peritoneum). Between the two layers of this membrane, there is normally a small amount of fluid.

Why does Hydrocele occur?

In adulthood, the underlying causes of hydrocele can include infection, trauma, or cancer. It can also develop after previously undergone testicular or inguinal hernia surgeries. These causes can also lead to hydrocele in children; however, the reason for fluid accumulation in most childhood cases of hydrocele is different.

Before birth, the testes are located in the abdomen and, as birth approaches, they move from the abdomen into the inguinal canal and descend through the external opening of the inguinal canal into the scrotum. The testes, like the intestines, are surrounded by the abdominal membrane (peritoneum). During the descent, the peritoneal lining is dragged along to the scrotum. This portion of the peritoneum that is dragged along is called the vaginal process. After the descent of the testes is completed, the part of the vaginal process that connects to the abdominal cavity closes, while the portion surrounding the testis remains open with a small amount of fluid inside.

If the vaginal process does not close, a passage forms between the testis and the abdominal cavity. This is called a patent processus vaginalis. If the lower part closes but the upper part remains open, an inguinal hernia occurs. If the entire length remains open, a hernia descending into the scrotum forms. If the upper and middle portions close but the middle part remains open, a cyst forms in the tissue (spermatic cord) carrying the vessels, nerves, and sperm ducts to and from the testis. If the canal does not close completely but remains open enough for a small amount of fluid to pass through, a hydrocele forms. For this reason, this condition is also commonly referred to as "water hernia."

What is the treatment for Hydrocele?

However, there is also the possibility that a hydrocele can turn into a hernia. Waiting for 2 years does not harm the child, as the same surgery is performed for both inguinal hernia and hydrocele.

If the hydrocele does not resolve after two years, it needs to be corrected. There is no medication for this condition. It can only be treated with surgery.

A 2-3 cm incision is made in the inguinal area or the scrotum. The unclosed vaginal process (hernia sac) is located, opened, and the fluid is drained. The surrounding tissues are detached upwards to the abdominal cavity and tied off near the abdominal cavity. This procedure eliminates the connection between the abdominal cavity and the testis.